Question

What is Glycosuria?
A. Low amount of sugar in urine
B. Low amount of fat in urine
C. Average amount of carbohydrate in urine
D. High amount of sugar in urine

Answer 1

Kidneys excrete waste products from our body. The units of the kidney filter blood and excrete substances that are harmful to the body like uric acid and urea. However, substances like glucose, water and amino acids that are useful to the body are absorbed back.

Complete answer:
Kidneys are excretory organs of the body. The structural and functional unit of kidneys are nephrons. Nephrons are the principal site of excretion.
The process of excretion takes place through three major steps: Glomerular filtration, Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion.
Glomerular filtration takes place in the Glomerulus of the nephron. It is formed by a tuft of capillaries that bring blood to the nephron for filtration. Filtration is the primary step of urine formation. The result of filtration of blood by nephrons is called the urine. The urine produced is diluted and contains ions, amino acids, glucose and minerals required by the body.
The urine thus formed passes onto the tubules of the nephrons. Here, the ions, glucose, water and minerals required by the body are reabsorbed into the blood. The tubules are also known to secrete substances like hydrogen ion, potassium ion, urea, creatinine into the urine.
The final product of the process of excretion is collected by the collecting tubules and excreted from the body.
Therefore, it can be inferred that urine contains certain minerals and ions, but no glucose. The glucose content of the blood is completely reabsorbed in the kidney tubules.
Glycosuria is a condition when high levels of sugar are found in urine. This happens if an individual has high glucose content in blood. The tubules of the kidney can reabsorb glucose to a certain limit. Individuals with sugar levels more than 180 mg per 100 ml of blood tend to excrete sugar through urine.
The condition where fat is present in urine is called Lipiduria. It is not associated with Glycosuria.

Hence, option (D) is correct.

Note: Glycosuria is a condition characterized by presence of high levels of sugar in urine. It is prevalent in patients with Diabetes mellitus. The kidneys are capable of absorbing glucose completely in people with normal glucose levels. However, the kidneys are unable to reabsorb glucose, if it is present in high concentrations in blood. This is when Glycosuria occurs.