Question

What is ${F}_{2}$ generation ?

Answer 1

${F}_{1}$ or first filial generation can be described as the generation of hybrids that are produced from a cross between the genetically different individuals termed as parents. ${F_2}$ or second filial generation can be described as the generation of individuals which arises as a result of interbreeding between individuals of ${F}_{1}$ generation.

Complete answer :
Mendel is known as the father of genetics. Mendel performed experiments on a pea plant by considering 7 contrasting traits in the plants. He conducted monohybrid cross experiments and dihybrid cross experiments in order to determine the inheritance laws. Mendel performed his experiments by letting the ${F_1}$ - generation plants self-pollinate in order to give rise to a second generation, and afterwards he observed the seeds of the produced ${F_2}$ generation. The monohybrid cross experiment and dihybrid cross experiments lead to the formulation of Mendel’s laws known as laws of inheritance which are:
1. Law of Dominance
This law is also termed as Mendel’s first law of inheritance and states that in the case of phenotype hybrid offspring inherit the dominant trait. Recessive trait is the term used for alleles that are observed to be suppressed, on the other hand dominant traits is the term used for alleles that are observed to be dominant.
2. Law of Segregation
This law is also termed as Mendel’s third law of inheritance and it states that during the production of gametes, two copies of each hereditary factor segregate in order to get acquired one factor from each parent by offspring. In other words, alleles are the alternative form of the gene pairs that initially segregate during the formation of gamete and get united randomly during fertilization.
3. Law of Independent Assortment
This law is also termed as Mendel’s second law of inheritance and it states that during the process of gamete formation a pair of traits segregates independently of another pair. As the individual heredity factors assort independently, different traits receive equal opportunity to occur together.

Note :
On one hand the genetic makeup of the plant is termed as the genotype whereas on the other hand the physical appearance of the plant is termed as phenotype. In case the alleles are the same, they are termed as homozygous alleles and if they are different they are termed as heterozygous alleles.