Question

What is Euploidy?

Answer 1

Chromosomes are a thread-like structure found in the nucleus that transports genetic information in the form of genes from one generation to the next. Every species has a distinct chromosomal structure and number of chromosomes. Changes in the structure or number of chromosomes may occur as a result of abnormalities during cell division. Even the smallest change can have a big impact.

Complete answer:
Euploidy is defined as a change in the total set of chromosomes, such as chromosomal loss or gain. It is primarily found in plants. Haplotypes ($n$, with only one pair of chromosomes), triploids $\left( {3n} \right)$, and hexaploids (with $6$ sets of chromosomes) are examples $\left( {6n} \right)$. Higher plants and animals are generally diploid, which means they have $2$ sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Additional information:
The loss or increase of a chromosome is known as aneuploidy. When chromatids fail to separate during cell division, this results in non-disjunction of chromatids. As a result, one gamete will have $2$ copies of one chromosome while the other will have none. A cell with a trisomy has an additional chromosome $\left( {2n + 1} \right)$. Monosomy occurs when a cell has only one chromosome $\left( {2n - 1} \right)$. Most genetically inherited illnesses and abortions during pregnancy are caused by this.

Note:
Each human cell has $46$ $\left( {2n} \right)$ chromosomes, which are organised into $23$ pairs ($n$ pairs), with $22$ autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. Chromosomal diseases are caused by chromosome structure or numerical alterations. Changes in the number of chromosomes present cause chromosomal abnormalities. This can be divided into several categories: Aneuploidy and Euploidy. Deletion, inversion, duplication, and translocation can all cause structural problems.