Question

What is double bonding?

Answer 1

We should have a knowledge of saturated and unsaturated compounds. We also know that the double bonds come under the category of unsaturated compounds.

Complete answer:
We have to remember that the saturated compounds are those in which only single bonds are present. Unsaturated compounds are those in which double or triple bonds are present.
If a double bond is present between two atoms then it is called double bonding. If only one double bond is present then it is ${\text{s}}{{\text{p}}^2}$ hybridized and s character is $33.3\%$.
Some of the examples showing double bond between two atoms:
${{\text{H}}_2}{\text{C = C}}{{\text{H}}_2}$
Compounds containing single bonds are called alkanes.
Compounds containing double bonds are called alkenes.
Compounds containing triple bonds are called alkynes.
The general formula of alkene is ${{\text{C}}_{\text{n}}}{{\text{H}}_{2{\text{n}}}}$. If any hydrocarbon satisfies this formula that means the hydrocarbon must contain a double bond.

Note:
We should keep in mind the general formula of alkenes. General formula of alkenes is ${{\text{C}}_{\text{n}}}{{\text{H}}_{{\text{2n}}}}$. We also remember that the general formula of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are shown below where n denotes the number of carbon atoms:
General formula of alkane is ${{\text{C}}_{\text{n}}}{{\text{H}}_{2{\text{n + 2}}}}$.
General formula of alkene is ${{\text{C}}_{\text{n}}}{{\text{H}}_{2{\text{n}}}}$.
General formula of alkane is ${{\text{C}}_{\text{n}}}{{\text{H}}_{2{\text{n - 2}}}}$.
The percentage of s-character and hybridization in alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are shown below:
In the case of alkanes the hybridization is ${\text{s}}{{\text{p}}^3}$that means the s character is $25\%$.
In case of alkenes the hybridization is ${\text{s}}{{\text{p}}^2}$that means the s character is $33.3\%$.
In the case of alkynes the hybridization is ${\text{sp}}$that means the s character is $50\%$.