Question

What is called the central dogma?

Answer 1

All specimens on earth have genetic materials known as DNA. When DNA is transferred from parents to infants, some of the characteristics of the children can be determined.

Complete Answer:
DNA is a long molecule carrying our distinctive genetic code. The guidelines for making all the proteins in our bodies are in place.
The 'Central Dogma' is the method of translating the instructions from DNA to RNA and produces a protein which is the functioning product. Francis Crick, the discoverer of the structure of DNA, first suggested it in 1958. The central dogma implies that the knowledge required to produce all our proteins is found in DNA.

It suggests that RNA is a messenger that takes this data to the ribosomes. The ribosomes operate as factories in the cell where the input from a message into the practical product is 'translated'. The mechanism by which the instructions for DNA are translated into a functioning component is called gene expression. The amount of functional product produced is known as the level of expression.

There are two main stages of gene expression: transcription and translation. In transcription, the data in a cell's DNA is translated into short, portable RNA messages. These signals move from where the DNA is in the cell nucleus to the ribosomes during translation, where they are 'read' to produce unique proteins. The central dogma claims that there is a trend in which information takes place in our cells more often.

To create new DNA, details from the current DNA is repeated. This is referred to as the duplication of DNA. Then to create new RNA from DNA, known as transcription. Finally, new proteins may be generated from RNA, and this is known as translation.

Note: In the case of retroviruses, such as HIV, reverse transcription is the conversion of information from RNA in order to produce new DNA. It is the mechanism by which RNA genetic data is assembled into new DNA.