Question

What is a solubility product? What is the solubility of ionic salts?

Answer 1

When a chemical substance in the solid form is in chemical equilibrium with a solution of that compound, it is called solubility equilibrium. The solid may dissolve in its entirety, by dissociation, or through chemical interaction with another solution ingredient, such as acid or alkali. A temperature-dependent solubility product, which acts as an equilibrium constant, characterises each solubility equilibrium. Solubility equilibria are essential in a variety of situations, including pharmaceuticals, the environment, and many others.

Complete answer:
The equilibrium constant for the dissolving of a solid material into an aqueous solution is the solubility product constant. The symbol ${K_{sp}}$ is used to represent it. The solubility product is a type of equilibrium constant whose value is temperature dependent. Due to increasing solubility, ${K_{sp}}$ generally rises as the temperature rises. The ability of a material termed a solute to dissolve in a solvent and create a solution is defined as solubility. Ionic chemicals (which dissociate to create cations and anions) have a wide range of solubility in water. Some chemicals are extremely soluble and may even absorb moisture from the air, whereas others are quite insoluble.
Solubility is determined by a variety of factors, the most important of which are the salt's lattice enthalpy and the solvation enthalpy of the ions in the solution. When a salt is dissolved in a solvent, the interactions between ions and the solvent must overcome the strong forces of attraction of the solute (lattice enthalpy of its ions). Ions have a negative solvation enthalpy, which implies that energy is released throughout the process. The amount of energy released during solvation, known as solvation enthalpy, is determined by the composition of the solvent. The solvation enthalpy of non-polar solvents is low, indicating that this energy is insufficient to overcome the lattice enthalpy.
As a result, non-polar solvents do not dissolve the salts. As a result, the solvation enthalpy of a salt must be larger than its lattice enthalpy in order for it to dissolve in a solvent. Temperature affects solubility, which is variable for each salt.

Note:
The entire quantity of a material that can be dissolved in a solvent at equilibrium is referred to as solubility. The solubility product constant, on the other hand, is an equilibrium constant that gives information on the equilibrium between the solid solute and its dissociated constituent ions across the solution.