Question

What is a hole? Which types of doping creates a hole?

Answer 1

In order to answer this question, first we will explain the term ‘hole’ and then we will discuss the types of doping that creates a hole. Then we will also discuss the effect of doping on N-type material.

Complete answer:
The lack of an electron in a certain location in an atom is referred to as a hole. A hole is a positive-charged electric charge carrier. The electric charge of a hole is the same as that of an electron, but they have the opposite polarity. The electrons in the valence band shift into the conduction band when a modest amount of external energy is applied, leaving a vacancy in the valence band. This void is referred to as a hole.

The following is the effect of doping on an N-type material: When pure Silicon is doped with Arsenic, the crystal becomes an N-type material. The arsenic atom possesses extra electrons or negative charges that do not participate in the covalent bonding process.

Holes are created when a pure semiconductor is doped with a trivalent impurity i.e. p-type semiconductor is formed. The dopant is incorporated into the semiconductor crystal's lattice structure, and the amount of outside electrons determines the type of doping. P-type doping uses atoms with three valence electrons, while n-type doping uses elements with five valence electrons.

Doping is the purposeful introduction of impurities into an inherent semiconductor for the goal of altering its electrical, optical, and structural properties in semiconductor manufacturing. An extrinsic semiconductor is a substance that has been doped. A degenerate semiconductor is a semiconductor that has been doped to such high levels that it behaves more like a conductor than a semiconductor.Doping is also known as activation in the context of phosphors and scintillators. In some pigments, doping is also employed to control the colour.

Note: The mobility (velocities or kinetic energy) of these charge carriers with the semiconductor is affected by changes in electron energy, but not the bulk motion of the semiconductor. Impurity atoms, which typically have one fewer valence electron than semiconductor atoms, can also be used for doping.