Question

What is a covalent bond? What type of bond exist between $i)CC{l_4}$ $ii)CaC{l_2}$

Answer 1

Bond-formation can be classified into many types such as covalent bonding, ionic bonding, coordinate bonding, etc. however, the basic output of these bond-formation types is the same, i.e. bind two different or even similar atoms together. We can see that there can be two molecules in which atoms are bound via bonds but those bonds may be different.

Complete answer:
The force of attraction that keeps the atoms together in a molecule or crystal is termed as bonding or bond. There are different types of bonds which are based on what is the type of sharing of electrons between the atoms to form the molecules.
In covalent bonding, there is sharing of electrons between two atoms and the shared pair of electrons stays with both the atoms. The reason why these atoms share electrons is because it leads to the formation of the stable noble gas configuration of those atoms. All the atoms necessarily want to be in this stable state of configuration and thereby undergo covalent bonding (or any other type of bonding depending on the nature of the atom).
The type of bond existing between:
$i)CC{l_4}$: In this molecule, there exists covalent bonding between the atom of carbon and chlorine and one electron of each chlorine atom and four electrons of carbon atom being shared to each chlorine atom.
$ii)CaC{l_2}$: In this molecule, there exists ionic bonding between the calcium cation and the chloride anion.

Note:
We need to have a thorough understanding of what different types of bonds prevail in nature and what are the requirements to form each particular type of bond in the molecule. Also, we should keep in mind the way in which this different bonding takes place. The properties of different types of bonding will serve as additional gain to solve various questions.