Question

What happens when the capacitor is fully charged?

Answer 1

A capacitor (it is understood as a condenser) may be a passive two-terminal electrical component wont to store energy electrostatically in an electrical field. Unlike a resistor, a capacitor doesn't dissipate energy. Instead, a capacitor stores energy within the sort of an electric field between its plates.

Complete step by step answer:
When a capacitor is fully charged, no current flows within the circuit. This is often because the electric potential across the capacitor is adequate to the voltage source. (i.e), the charging current drops to zero, such as capacitor voltage $=$ source voltage. When Capacitor is fully charged it acts as a circuit and charges on the plate becomes ${Q_0} = C{V_0}$ .
$Q = {Q_0}\\{ 1 - {e^{\left( {\dfrac{{ - t}}{{RC}}} \right)}}\\}$
Where, $T$ tends to be infinite $Q$ tends to ${Q_0}$ .

More Explanation about capacitor with example: Just like a Bucket features a particular capacity to hold any liquid. Capacitor has that upper level or sure to hold any charges. So it'll hold those charges for infinite time (ideally). But we've a twist during this story,

Suppose if I fill more water during this bucket, it overflows right? Similarly, a capacitor charge may overflow and leak outside the environment, if one unnecessarily overloads it. A phenomenon which happens during a similar fashion is thunder strike or lightning. Where two oversaturated clouds carrying charges strike one another and a lightning spark is generated between the atmosphere and ground.

But practically, the capacitor is sort of a leaky bucket albeit you create your capacitor hold charge it'll hold that charge for a few significant time, which is named as time constant till that point $T$ , the fees within the capacitor slowly leak off it towards a ground path the more the time constant the longer charge is there within the capacitor.

Note: It should be noted that Capacitor, a device for storing electricity, consists of two conductors in close proximity and insulated from one another. An easy example of such a memory device is the parallel-plate capacitor.