Question

What happens in Keratinization?

Answer 1

On the basis of shape proteins are of two types-globular and fibrous proteins, Globular proteins are more commonly found as being a part of enzymes and cell receptors whereas fibrous proteins serve the function of structural and mechanical support to cells. Keratin may be a quite common fibrous protein which forms the structural parts of the many important parts of animals.

Complete answer:
The process of keratinization refers to the changes occurring within the cytoplasm of the cells of the uppermost layer of the skin resulting in deposition of more and more keratin. The cells during which the method of keratinization occurs are referred to as keratinocytes.
The uppermost layer of the skin of vertebrates undergoes keratinization and this layer skin is understood as stratum corneum and thus the method of keratinization is additionally referred to as cornification and therefore the cells which undergo cornification are referred to as corneocytes. Just beneath the corneum is the stratum Malpighi which is further divided into many layers. In other words, the epithelium of skin is divided into many layers and because the cells of one layer undergo the other layer (just above it) during growth and cellular differentiation the more they get keratinized. Keratinization results in the formation of the many structures in vertebrates which includes:
1. Hairs
2. Nails
3. Horns
4. Hoofs etc.

Note:
Keratin is a kind of fibrous protein, which may be divided into two categories: soft keratin and hard keratin. It forms most of the cytoplasmic epithelium and epidermal structure. Keratin is rich in animal hair, nails, hair, horns and other characteristics. This will occur in two conformations, alpha-helix and beta sheet. Keratinization renders hardness to the skin and provides mechanical and structural support.