Question

What group of elements are contained in the $p$-block $?$

Answer 1

First we know the $p$-block elements are found on the right side of the periodic table. There are $35$ $p$-block elements, all of which are in $p$ orbital with valence electrons. Why do we call those elements as $p$-block elements. Then the group of elements are contained in the $p$-block. Also mention their general electronic configuration.

Complete answer:
The $p$-block elements include the group of families in addition to the noble gases. The noble gases have full $p$-orbital's and are nonreactive.
The $p$-block contains groups $13$ (Boron family), $14$ (Carbon family), $15$ (Nitrogen family), $16$ (Oxygen family), $17$ (Fluorine family), and $18$ (Neon family), with the exception of Helium. (Helium is part of the s-block.) The principal quantum number $n$ fills the p-orbital. The common factor for all $p$-block elements is that their valence electrons (outermost electrons) are in the $p$-orbital. It’s the only block that contains all $3$ types of elements - metals (tin, gallium etc.), non-metals (carbon, phosphorus etc.), and metalloids (boron, silicon etc.).
Characteristics of $p$-block elements: The general electronic configuration of $p$-block elements is $n{s^2}n{p^{\left( {1 - 6} \right)}}$(except $He$). Whereas the inner core electronic configuration may differ. Just because of this difference in the inner core, there are changes in both physical and chemical properties of the elements. The oxidation state of elements in $p$ – block is maximum when it is equal to a total number of valence electrons i.e., the sum of $s$ and $p$ electrons. One of the most interesting facts about the $p$-block elements is that it contains both nonmetals and metalloids. $p$- block elements are shiny and usually a good conductor of electricity and heat as they have a tendency to lose an electron.

Note:
Note that the elements $s$-block and $p$-block are so-called because their valence electrons are either in an orbital $s$ or $p$. These are called Standard Components, in order to differentiate them from the sequence of transformation and internal transformation. Since, silicon is one of the most important metalloids of the $p$-block group as it is an important component of glass.