Question

What elements present in groups 3 to 12 are called?

Answer 1

A metal is a substance that has a shiny look when freshly produced, polished, or shattered, and conducts electricity and heat reasonably effectively. Metals are either malleable or ductile (they may be hammered into thin sheets) (can be drawn into wires). Metals can be chemical elements like iron, alloys like stainless steel, or molecular compounds like polymeric sulphur nitride.

Complete answer:
Transition metal (or transition element) has three different meanings in chemistry:
"An element whose atom has a partly filled d subshell, or which can give birth to cations with an incomplete d subshell," according to the IUPAC definition.
Any element in the d-block of the periodic table, which covers groups 3 to 12, is referred to as a "transition metal" by many scientists. The f-block lanthanide and actinide series are also considered transition metals and are referred to as "inner transition metals" in practise.
Colored compounds and ions are formed by these elements. The d-d electron transfer is responsible for its colour.
The energy gap between these elements' potential oxidation states is quite small. As a result, the transition elements have a wide range of oxidation states.
Because of the unpaired electrons in the d orbital, these elements create a lot of paramagnetic compounds.
These elements can be binded by a wide range of ligands. As a result, transition elements can create a wide range of stable complexes.
These elements have a high charge-to-radius ratio.
When compared to other elements, transition metals are hard and have comparatively high densities.
Due to the presence of delocalized d electrons in metallic bonding, these elements have high boiling and melting temperatures.
The transition elements are also strong conductors of electricity due to the metallic bonding of the delocalized d electrons.
Catalytic characteristics of many transition metals are particularly beneficial in the commercial synthesis of various compounds.
Transition elements are elements with partly filled d orbitals (sometimes known as transition metals). Transition elements are defined by IUPAC as elements with a partly filled d subshell or elements that have the ability to produce stable cations with an incompletely filled d orbital. Any element that corresponds to the d-block of the current periodic table (which includes groups 3-12) is considered a transition element in general. Even the lanthanides and actinides, which make up the f-block, are considered transition metals.

Note:
Cotton and Wilkinson clarify which elements are included in the short IUPAC definition. They also include scandium and yttrium in group 3, which have a partly filled d subshell in the metallic state, in addition to the elements in groups 4 to 11. Although they believe lanthanum and actinium to be group 3 elements, they are categorised as lanthanides and actinides, respectively.