Question

What element is represented by $\left[ {Ar} \right]4{s^2}3{d^{10}}4{p^1}$ ?

Answer 1

The elements in group $13$ were known as boron family. The elements in the boron family are boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, and nihonium. Gallium is the element with atomic number $31$ and the valence electron of gallium is one and it belongs to p-orbital.

Complete answer:
Periodic table is the representation of chemical elements arranged in the increasing order of atomic numbers in vertical columns and horizontal rows. The vertical columns were known as groups and the horizontal rows were known as periods. There are a total of $118$ elements arranged in $7$ periods and $18$ groups. The elements in group $13$ of the periodic table were known as the boron family. The elements in the boron family are boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium, and nihonium.
The atomic number gives the number of protons which is equal to the number of electrons. These electrons were arranged in orbitals according to the degeneracy of orbitals. Gallium has an atomic number of $31$ and has $31$ electrons. These electrons are arranged in orbitals according to orbital energy.
The electronic configuration of gallium is $1{s^2}2{s^2}2{p^6}3{s^2}3{p^6}4{s^2}3{d^{10}}4{p^1}$ or $\left[ {Ar} \right]4{s^2}3{d^{10}}4{p^1}$ as the electronic configuration can be written based on inert gas.
Thus, the element gallium is represented by $\left[ {Ar} \right]4{s^2}3{d^{10}}4{p^1}$

Note:
Orbitals are the region where there is a maximum probability of finding electrons. There are different orbitals like s, p, d, and f orbitals. s-orbital can accommodate two electrons, p- orbital can accommodate six electrons d- orbital can accommodate ten electrons and f- orbital can accommodate fourteen electrons. based on the orbitals the electronic configuration of elements can be written.