Question

What does tRNA stand for?

Answer 1

In the transcription and translation process of DNA to RNA and from RNA to protein, three types of RNA are mainly used like mRNA, tRNA and rRNA and each RNA has different functions. According to their functions, their names are placed.

Complete answer:
The tRNA stands for transfer RNA and it helps in the synthesis of protein strands from the RNA strand. The tRNA is also known as soluble RNA and this RNA is small with 79-85 nucleotide length. After getting folded over itself the tRNA forms a clover-like structure or L- shape.
The tRNA consists of two recognition sites with anticodon and amino acid binding sites. It also consists of two-loop one of pseudouridine loop which shows attachment for ribosome and another of dihydrouridine loop which shows attachment with aminoacyl tRNA synthetase or with aminoacyl activating enzymes. tRNA is also known as an adapter molecule because it helps in the transfer of amino acid from the cellular pool to ribosomes for the polymerization of mRNA to form the polypeptide chain. In the translation process, the tRNA gets charged for specific amino acids and shows attachment with the help of its loop to aminoacyl AMP enzyme complex which helps in the production of aminoacyl tRNA complex which gets separated from the synthetase enzyme.

Note:
During the translation process at least one tRNA is required for each amino acid and it ranges from 2-6 tRNA for some amino acids. The translation process initiates with the linkage of mRNA and ribosome, which later leads to the synthesis of the polypeptide chain and terminates with the separation of the synthesised polypeptide.