Question
Question: What do you understand by isoelectronic species? Name a species that will be isoelectronic with each...
What do you understand by isoelectronic species? Name a species that will be isoelectronic with each of the following atoms or ions.
i) F−
ii) Ar
iii) Mg2+
iv) Rb+
Solution
In chemistry, periodic tables play a vital role. In the periodic table there are totally 118 elements. In the periodic table there are totally 18 columns and 7 rows. The columns are called groups. Hence, 18 groups in the periodic table. The rows are called periods. Hence, totally 7 period in the table. The atomic number of the element is nothing but the number of electrons or number of protons. The mass number of the atom is nothing but the sum of the number of protons and the number of neutrons.
Complete answer:
We need to remember that the isoelectronic is nothing but the two or more atoms having the same number of electrons in their ionic state. Here main is stability of the atom or octet rule. Octet rule is different for atoms. The octet rule is used to identify the stable electronic configuration of the atom. But it depends on the outer shell of the atom.
The isoelectronic species of the given element is below,
The isoelectronic species of F− is Ne, because both have the same electrons of 10 electrons.
The isoelectronic species of Ar is Cl−, because both are having the same electrons of 18 electrons.
The isoelectronic species of Mg2+ is Na+, because both have the same electrons of 10 electrons.
The isoelectronic species of Rb+ is Kr, because both have the same electrons of 36 electrons.
Explanation of one the example of isoelectronic is chloride ion, potassium ion argon. All have the same number of electrons in the outermost shell of the atom.
Argon generally has eighteen electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. But chlorine accepts the one electron of the other atom to attain eighteen electrons in the outermost shell. But in the potassium case, it sacrifices one electron to attain eighteen electrons in the outermost shell of the atom. Now all the three atoms are having the same electrons in the outermost shell.
Note:
We have to remember that in chemistry each element has a specific symbol in the periodic table. Inside the atom having electrons, protons and neutrons. The electrons revolve around the nucleus in the atom. The neutrons and protons are present inside the nucleus. The electrons are arranged in the energy level of the shell in the atom.