Question

What do you mean by fermentation?

Answer 1

Fermentation is the anaerobic process. Energy is discharged from the glucose even if the oxygen is not available. This process occurs in yeast cells, bacteria and in the muscles of animal cells. Respiration takes place in the absence of oxygen then it is called the anaerobic respiration. There are three types of fermentations. Anaerobic conditions are called ethanol or alcoholic fermentation. Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen.

Complete answer:
Cellular respiration begins with glycolysis and in the end we get pyruvic acid and three carbon molecules. So fermentation uses this pyruvic acid. Lactic acid fermentation, alcohol fermentation and acetic acid fermentation are the three types of fermentation. In lactic acid fermentation sugar is converted into lactic acid by the yeast and bacteria. In alcohol fermentation the end product called pyruvic acid is breaking down into the alcohol and carbon dioxide. By using this wine and alcohol is made. Starch and sugar in the fruit is fermented into the vinegar is called as the acetic acid fermentation. The reaction is catalyzed by the enzymes, pyruvic acid decarboxylase, and alcohol dehydrogenase. Lactic cell fermentation occurs in the muscle cells. It provides rapid burst of ATP. Lactate is toxic to cells. It is available in the tissue so it will burn the muscles and changes the pH. It is an unfavorable condition for microorganisms. Lots of gas and acids will be produced. So it will affect the internal organs of the body. It increases the vitamin level in the human body. By the fermentation we store the energy and food properly. It also improves the digestive property. New energy will produced by the fermentation. It decreases toxicity behavior in humans.

Note:
Fermentation time is affecting the process of fermentation. Because it takes more time to finish the process. Carbonic acid and calcium carbonate are affecting the fermentation process. Presence of air is also the disadvantage of fermentation. The amount of temperature, salt and water is also affecting the process of fermentation. Concentration of sugar level also affects the fermentation process. Fermentation occurs at the $7^\circ - 12^\circ$ Celsius temperature. Then cooled at the $0^\circ - 4^\circ$ Celsius. In the Presence of carbon and nitrogen sources, pH and temperature is the important thing for fermentation.