Question

What do you mean by Biocompatibility?
1. It is related to the behavior of biomaterials in various contexts.
2. The term refers to the ability of a material to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific situation.
3. It is actually a self-sufficiency of an organism to ensure its ability to withstand the adverse effect during grafting of a particular organ which is present in every animal.
4. Biocompatibility is the capability of a prosthesis implanted in the body to exist in harmony with tissue without causing deleterious changes.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
A. 1, 2 and 3
B. 2, 3 and 4
C. 2 and 4
D. 1, 2 and 4

Answer 1

The biocompatibility of a material is determined by in vitro and in vivo tests, involving the interaction of the material with biological fluids and cells, and is measured in terms of its effects on blood and blood components, cell culture is also used to determine the biocompatibility

Complete answer:
Biocompatibility refers to how biomaterials behave in different situations. In a given scenario, the phrase refers to a material's ability to operate with a suitable host response. The term's ambiguity reflects the continual evolution of knowledge about how biomaterials interact with the human body, and how such interactions eventually determine a medical device's clinical success (such as pacemaker, hip replacement or stent). Because modern medical gadgets and prostheses are frequently constructed of multiple materials, discussing the biocompatibility of a single material may not always suffice.
Biocompatibility of materials has been attempted to be defined. The most prevalent definition nowadays is "the ability of a material to function in a certain application with an appropriate host reaction. Taking a deeper look at this term, “appropriate host response” suggests that the item does not cause any undesirable reactions, such as harmful reactions, as a minimum condition.
The material is inserted in the tissue where it is placed. However, the term ‘appropriate' can also relate to a wish to elicit some positive responses, such as speeding up the healing process and lowering the time it takes for the material or gadget to be functional.The definition also includes the phrase "a specific application", implying that biocompatibility is context-dependent. For example, a biomaterial may be biocompatible in bone but not in blood, and vice versa, or it may be biocompatible for short-term use in one tissue, but not in a long-term application in the same tissue.
In some applications, one material may be more biocompatible than another, although both can be categorised as biocompatible. For example, if two materials work well as bone-anchored materials but one heals in faster to a functioning condition than the other, we can argue the latter is more biocompatible.

So the correct answer is Option D. i.e. 1, 2 and 4.

Note:-
Is the substance safe to ingest? It's worth mentioning that "biocompatibility" can be a grey area where a binary option isn't always possible. One material may be more biocompatible than another in some uses.