Question

What are the symbols for the elements with the valence electron configuration:
(a)- ${{s}^{2}}{{d}^{1}}$
(b)- ${{s}^{2}}{{p}^{3}}$
(c)- ${{s}^{2}}{{p}^{6}}$

Answer 1

We are given some specific configurations in more than one element lie by keeping a different number of shells. The ${{s}^{2}}{{d}^{1}}$ will be for transition and inner transition elements, ${{s}^{2}}{{p}^{3}}$ will be the elements of nitrogen family, and ${{s}^{2}}{{p}^{6}}$ will be the elements of noble gas group.

Complete answer:
We know that the elements in nature are differentiated by the number of electrons present in them. These electrons are arranged into a configuration specific to a specific element. So, the elements are arranged in the periodic table according to the last electron entering the last shell.
We are given some specific configurations in more than one element by keeping a different number of shells.
(a)- The ${{s}^{2}}{{d}^{1}}$ will be for transition and inner transition elements, and the elements that have these electron configurations are:
Scandium atom – Sc having configuration $3{{d}^{1}}4{{s}^{4}}$
Yttrium atom – Y having configuration $4{{d}^{1}}5{{s}^{2}}$
Lanthanum atom – La having configuration $5{{d}^{1}}6{{s}^{2}}$
Cerium atom – Ce having configuration $4{{f}^{1}}5{{d}^{1}}6{{s}^{2}}$
Gadolinium – Gd having configuration $4{{f}^{7}}5{{d}^{1}}6{{s}^{2}}$
Lutetium – Lu having configuration $4{{f}^{14}}5{{d}^{1}}6{{s}^{2}}$
Actinium – Ac having configuration $6{{d}^{1}}7{{s}^{2}}$
Protactinium – Pa having configuration $5{{f}^{2}}6{{d}^{1}}7{{s}^{2}}$
Uranium – U having configuration $5{{f}^{3}}6{{d}^{1}}7{{s}^{2}}$
Neptunium – Np having configuration $5{{f}^{4}}6{{d}^{1}}7{{s}^{2}}$
Curium – Cm having configuration $5{{f}^{7}}6{{d}^{1}}7{{s}^{2}}$
Lawrencium – Lr having configuration $5{{f}^{14}}6{{d}^{1}}7{{s}^{2}}$
(b)- The ${{s}^{2}}{{p}^{3}}$ will be the elements of the nitrogen family and the elements having this configuration are:
Nitrogen – N having configuration $2{{s}^{2}}2{{p}^{3}}$
Phosphorus – P having configuration $3{{s}^{2}}3{{p}^{3}}$
Arsenic – As having configuration $4{{s}^{2}}3{{d}^{10}}4{{p}^{3}}$
Antimony – Sb having configuration $5{{s}^{2}}4{{d}^{10}}5{{p}^{3}}$
Bismuth – Bi having configuration $6{{s}^{2}}4{{f}^{14}}5{{d}^{10}}6{{p}^{3}}$
Moscovium – Mc having configuration $7{{s}^{2}}5{{f}^{14}}6{{d}^{10}}7{{p}^{3}}$
(c)- The ${{s}^{2}}{{p}^{6}}$ will be the elements of the noble gas group and the element having this configuration are:
Neon – Ne having configuration $2{{s}^{2}}2{{p}^{6}}$
Argon – Ar having configuration $3{{s}^{2}}3{{p}^{6}}$
Krypton – Kr having configuration $4{{s}^{2}}3{{d}^{10}}4{{p}^{6}}$
Xenon – Xe having configuration $5{{s}^{2}}4{{d}^{10}}5{{p}^{6}}$
Radon – Rn having configuration $6{{s}^{2}}4{{f}^{14}}5{{d}^{10}}6{{p}^{6}}$
Oganesson – Og having configuration $7{{s}^{2}}5{{f}^{14}}6{{d}^{10}}7{{p}^{6}}$

Note:
There is a specific order in which the electrons are filled in the increasing order of the orbitals, as this order is:
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s 5f 6d 7p.