Question

What are the steps in the Calvin cycle?

Answer 1

The Calvin cycle, light-independent reactions, the organic synthetic phase, dark reactions or the photosynthesis carbon reduction cycle is a chemical reaction which turns carbon dioxide and other compounds into glucose. These are the chemical reactions.

Complete answer:
The Calvin cycle occurs when all things are considered - $C3$as well as $C4$ plants. The Calvin cycle is divided into four major stages: carbon carboxylation,reduction stage, carb arrangement, and recovery or the regeneration stage. $ATP$ and $NADPH$, synthetic mixtures containing the energy plants have captured from daylight, provide energy and fuel to substance responses in this sugar-producing method.
Carboxylation is the transformation of $C{{O}_{2}}$into a natural compound. The most important advancement is carboxylation. The carboxylation of $RuBP$is carried out using $C{{O}_{2}}$. The enzyme $RuBisCO$catalyses this reaction. Triose phosphate OR $3-PGA$or 3-Phosphoglycerate is the product formed.
Reduction is a series of reactions that result in the arrangement of a glucose atom. 1 $C{{O}_{2}}$is sorted out in one cycle turn. So, 6 turns of the cycle are required to sort out $6C{{O}_{2}}$, after which the fixed $6C{{O}_{2}}$can be decreased to shape 1 glucose particle during reduction. In any case, each cycle turn necessitates the use of two $ATP$particles and two $NADPH$particles.
Regeneration- If the intermediate product formed after reduction is phosphorylated, it will form RuBP. This is significant for allowing the cycle to continue. Furthermore, 1 ATP particle is required for the phosphorylation of 1 RuBP.

Note:
Glycolysis is the first stage of respiration. Krebs cycle is the next stage in the respiration cycle that only occurs in eukaryotes. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, whereas the Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria. Glycolysis causes the formation of two pyruvic acid atoms with a net addition of two $ATP$, whereas the Krebs cycle causes the formation of $C{{O}_{2}}$, ${{H}_{2}}O$, and $ATP$.