Question

What are the specific sites of transcription and translation in the cell?

Answer 1

In a cell, both transcription and translation take place, in which transcription helps in making RNA which on translation with the help of ribosome makes protein. For the transcription and translation process, the DNA strands travel from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell.

Complete answer:
The transcription and translation process takes place in the cell at a different site of a cell. In transcription, the formation of RNA from the DNA strand takes place inside the membrane-bound nucleus. The formation of a single strand of DNA takes place with coded information similar to the coding strand of DNA where only thymine is replaced by Uracil in the RNA strand.
The translation process takes place in the cytoplasm in which coded genetic information which is present on mRNA gets translated into a polypeptide chain with a sequence of amino acids similar to the sequence of codons. Translation takes place with the help of ribosome or ribonucleoprotein particles as they provide a site for polypeptide synthesis with the help of adapter molecules for bringing the amino acids, therefore it is also called protein factories. In the case of eukaryotes, a small part of the translation process also takes place in mitochondria and plastids due to the presence of DNA in them.

Note:
In eukaryotes, transcription occurs inside the nucleus whereas in prokaryotes transcription occurs inside the cytoplasm. The translation process always takes place in the cytoplasm whether it is prokaryotes or eukaryotes. In transcription coded information get a transfer from DNA to RNA whereas in translation this coded information decodifies the genetic information.