Question

What are the signs and symptoms of impaired gas exchange?

Answer 1

There is no need for a separate gas transportation system in very small organisms because all of their cells are immediately involved in gas exchange via diffusion. Diffusion is caused by a difference in partial pressure between the breathing gases. Gases migrate from a high-pressure to a low-pressure environment. At the end of the process, oxygen is transferred from the blood to the tissue fluid, while carbon dioxide is transferred from the tissue fluid to the blood. Larger, multicellular organisms, on the other hand, will undoubtedly require a method to move gases between their many organs and tissues.

Complete answer:
Impaired gas exchange can be caused by lung congestion, pulmonary edoema, or secretion collection.
Gas exchange is reduced when the alveolar-capillary membrane changes, such as fluid shifts and fluid accumulation in the interstitial space and alveoli. As a result, there is a surplus or deficit of oxygen at the alveolar capillary membrane, as well as a reduction in $C{O_2}$ removal.
Causes-
Heart failure
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary congestion
COPD
Smoking
Fibrosis
Subjective symptoms-
shortness of breath
difficulty breathing
headache upon awakening
Objective symptoms-
Nasal flaring
Confusion
Cyanosis (only in newborns)
Hypoxemia (low levels of oxygen in the blood)
Risk factors-
Heart failure
Infections
Ventilation and perfusion imbalance
Asthma
COPD

Note:
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the circulation and the lungs is known as gas exchange. This is the respiratory system's principal job, and it ensures a continual supply of oxygen to tissues while also eliminating carbon dioxide to prevent it from accumulating.
Changes in alveolar ventilation distribution, redistribution of blood flow, greater matching of local ventilation and perfusion, and reduction in regions with low ventilation/perfusion ratios are all mechanisms that promote gas exchange.