Question

What are the results of the chemical digestion of carbohydrates, proteins and fats? Does this digestion occur in the mouth, stomach and/or the small intestine?

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, proteins and fats are forms of nutrients that are required by the body of living organisms. These are common to almost all the living organisms.

Complete answer:
Digestion is a process that involves breaking down of nutritional components such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates. These components get digested by chemical processes such that it involves action of certain enzymes over reactants to form some end products. These products in turn help in energy production and thus conduction of metabolic processes.
Digestion of these components takes place in a systematic manner. Let's study about each of them in detail:
Carbohydrates : are polymers of glucose. They are present in food items in the form of starch. They get digested at a faster rate when compared with that of proteins and fats. They break down to release simpler forms of glucose such as sucrose, maltose. They are acted upon by certain enzymes that function as a catalyst for these reactions. Their direct digestion starts in the mouth itself carrying an enzyme called salivary amylase. However, major digestion of carbohydrates takes place in the small intestine. The end product of digestion of carbohydrates is glucose, fructose and galactose.
Proteins : are another kind of nutrients that are necessary for building and repairing old and worn out tissues of the body. They are the polymers of amino acids. They are comparatively harder to break down and thus release energy. They are acted upon by HCl acid and certain enzymes that eventually lead to formation of peptides. These peptides, when broken down further, are absorbed by the small intestine. The end product of digestion of proteins is amino acids.
Fats : are another kind of nutrient that function as an energy storehouse for the body. They are used by body in case of shortage or starvation. Fats breakdown by the action of enzymes released by pancreas whereas they get digested by the action of bile produced by liver. The end product of digestion of fats is glycerol and fatty acids.

Note:
Organs other than the small intestine are involved in mechanical breaking down of food products whereas the small intestine is concerned with absorption of nutrients into the blood that eventually leads to energy production by the cells.