Question

What are the harmful effects of pesticides and fertilizers over a long period of time on soil?

Answer 1

Pesticides are poisonous chemicals that are used to destroy pests. Fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides are examples of pesticides. Fertilizers are chemical chemicals that are applied to crops in order to boost their yield. Farmers utilise these on a daily basis to boost crop productivity. They improve the soil's water retention capacity while also increasing its fertility.

Complete answer:
The following are the long-term negative impacts of pesticides and fertilisers on soil:
i. Pesticides can destroy and harm the ecosystem of microorganisms that live in the soil, especially when these chemicals are abused or misused, resulting in chemical compounds building up in the soil. The permanence, concentration, and toxicity of the applied pesticide, as well as different environmental factors, influence the effect of pesticides on soil microorganisms.
ii. The metabolic processes of nutrient cycling can be disrupted by long-term pesticide use.
iii. Many pesticide compounds are persistent soil pollutants, meaning their effects can last for decades and have a negative influence on soil conservation.
iv. Water contamination occurs when fertilisers are applied in excess amounts and then washed away owing to excessive irrigation, since fertiliser chemicals impact the unique nature and qualities of water, resulting in Eutrophication.
v. They enter the food chain via the plant's roots, causing bioaccumulation and biomagnification.

Note:
Pesticides offer a major benefit. Insects and other pests are kept away from crops by this method. They are Controlling pests and disease vectors in plants. Controlling disease vectors and nuisance organisms in humans and livestock. Fertilizers serve a variety of purposes.
They are accustomed to supplementing the plants' nutritional requirements. They are used to boost crop yields. Organic fertilisers help to increase the soil's texture and fertility.