Question

What are the four types of evidence that support the theory of Evolution?

Answer 1

All the living organisms have arisen by the evolutionary process and depict diversity. However, there is a kind of similarity among them. For example- mammals, amphibians and reptiles have limbs for locomotion on land, fishes have fins for swimming and the birds possess wings for flying.

Complete answer:
The first theory of evolution was given around 2000 years before Darwin. According to Plato, each species was fixed and existed like a perfect archetype or an unchanging ideal form. Aristotle was the first one to realize that every species fits in the single hierarchy of increasing complexity.
The four types of evidences that support the theory of evolution are-
Evidence from fossil records- the fossil of archaeopteryx gives the connecting link between reptiles and birds. This fossil was discovered by Andreas Wagner in Germany. It was found in the rocks of the Jurassic period. The fossil of horse as discovered by C. Marsh from North America provides proof of its evolution through its evolution pedigree.
Morphological and anatomical evidence- some organisms show similarity in structure but dissimilarity in characters while others show the opposite. For example – mouthparts of insects and legs of cockroaches and honeybees show homology while hands of man and trunk of elephant and flippers of penguin and dolphin show analogy.
Evidence from embryology- the early embryos of humans, fishes, salamander, tortoise, chick etc. are similar but after the post-gastrulation stage the similarity level is changed like in fishes the young individual us similar to their adult but the tadpole show more resemblance to the young ones of fishes then their adult.
Evidence from molecular biology- same as the anatomical structures show evidence the structures of molecules reflect descent with modification. The commonness is reflected through the similarity in the DNA sequences.

Note:
Homology is the phenomenon when organisms show similar structures but they perform different functions and their origin is the same. Analogy is the phenomena when organisms have different origins and dissimilar structures but their functions are the same.