Question

What are the different ways/methods of hybridization?

Answer 1

The process of formation of hybrid by crossing two individuals of different genetic constitution is known as hybridization. It is an important method of combining characters of different plants. It produces new combinations of Gene’s without changing genetic content.

Complete answer:
Hybridization was first practically utilized by German botanist Joseph Koerauter in 1760. In present times it is the most common method of crop improvement. For example a cross occurs between a parent having genotype BB and another parent having genotype bitten; they produce progeny with the genetic makeup or genotype Bb which is a hybrid. Hybrid is the first filial generation. Hybridization is of four types - Intervarietal hybridization, Intervarietal hybridization and intragenic hybridization.
In Intra- varietal hybridization as clear by its name the crosses are made between plants of the same variety.
In Intervarietal hybridization crossing occurs between two different varieties of plant.
Intragenic hybridization is a process when crosses are made between two different species of the same genus.
Introgressive hybridization is a process of hybridization in which some genes from the same species transfer into the genome of other species. The cross between different species of the same genus or different genera of the same family are called distant hybridization.

Note:
Hybridization was the basis of Mendel's experiments with garden pea plants. Hybridization in plants occurs through various mechanisms. Some plants are insect pollinated for e.g. the oil palm and some are wind pollinated for e.g. maize or corn. These types of plants are referred to as cross pollinated plants.