Question

What are the different types of acids?

Answer 1

According to different suggested theories, acids can be of different types as suggested, like Arhenius, Bronsted, Lewis acids from their respective theories. While they can also be classified as weak and strong acids according to their strengths. Also from the presence of the proton as, polyprotic or monoprotic acid.

Complete answer:
There are different theories that tell about acids. These theories give different ideas about acids and hence their types. The types according to theories are:
-Arhenius acids: According to this theory, an acid gives a proton, which is a hydrogen ion in any solution. The proton liberated by acids has a tendency to associate with water molecules when dissolved in water to form a hydronium ion.
- Bronsted acids: a bronsted acid is that specie that liberate hydrogen ions in a solution that are taken up by the species called acids. The acid and bases that differ by a proton are called as conjugate acid base pairs. For example, $\begin{aligned} & HCl+{{H}_{2}}O\rightleftharpoons {{H}_{3}}{{O}^{+}}+C{{l}^{-}} \\\ & acid\,\,\,\,\,\,base\,\,\,\,conjugate\,\,\,\,\,conjugate \\\ & \,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,acid\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,base \\\ \end{aligned}$
-Lewis acids: they are the acids that accept electrons. For instance, molecules with central atom having incomplete octet like $B{{F}_{3}}$, simple cations like $A{{g}^{+}},C{{u}^{2+}}$etc. molecules with central atom with empty d- orbital like $Si{{F}_{4}}$.
Apart from these, acids can be classified as:
Strong acids: acids that completely dissociate to provide hydrogen ions are strong acids. For example, HCl, ${{H}_{2}}S{{O}_{4}},HN{{O}_{3}}$ etc.
Weak acids: acids that partially dissociate in the solutions and provide less hydrogen ions. For example, $C{{H}_{3}}COOH,{{H}_{3}}B{{O}_{3}},{{H}_{2}}C{{O}_{3}}$ etc.
Hence, acids can be of various types like Arhenius, Bronsted, Lewis acids, and also as weak and strong acids.

Note:
Polyprotic acid are the acids that have more than one proton like ${{H}_{2}}S{{O}_{4}}$, while monoprotic acids are that contain only one hydrogen like HCl. Also acetic acid comes in the type of organic acids that has an organic carboxylic functional group. They are weak acids.