Question

What are the different body systems in the human body and what are their functions ?

Answer 1

Organ system can be described as a group of organs that contribute in order to perform specific functions within the body of an organism. The examples of different body systems include the nervous system, digestive system etc.

Complete answer:
The human body is composed of eleven organ systems, each containing several specific organs. An organ can be described as an anatomic structure composed of groups of tissues that work together in order to perform specific functions. The different body systems present in a human body are mentioned below :
1. The Integumentary System includes the skin, nails, and hair, among these skin is the largest organ in the human body. Skin plays a vital role in enclosing and protecting the body and acts as a site for many sensory receptors. The skin provides the body with first defense against pathogens, and it also performs other vital roles such as regulating body temperature and eliminating wastes in the form of sweat.
2. The Skeletal System includes bones, joints, teeth. The bones are connected by tendons, ligaments, and cartilage in the human body. It functions in supporting the body and providing it a definite shape. It along with muscular systems coordinate with each other in order to perform body movements. The bones of the skeletal system in addition to these functions, also protect internal organs, store calcium, and sustain production of red and white blood cells.
3. Muscular System is composed of three different types of muscles which includes skeletal muscles,smooth muscles and cardiac muscles. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons in order to perform voluntary body movements. Smooth muscle tissues are responsible for controlling the involuntary movements of internal organs. Smooth muscles in blood vessels play a vital role in regulating body temperature by allowing vasoconstriction and vasodilation. Cardiac muscle tissues are responsible for controlling the involuntary beating of the heart in order to allow it to pump blood through the blood vessels of the cardiovascular system.
4. Nervous System is composed of the brain and spinal cord, which make up the central nervous system, and nerves that make up the peripheral nervous system. They are responsible for controlling both voluntary and involuntary responses and in detecting and processing the sensory information.
5. The Endocrine System is composed of glands that secrete hormones into the blood, which in turn plays a vital role in carrying the hormones throughout the body. Endocrine hormones act as chemical messengers that are responsible for controlling many body functions including metabolism, growth, and sexual development. The master gland of the endocrine system is the pituitary gland, which is responsible for the production of hormones that control other endocrine glands. Other endocrine glands include thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pancreas etc.
6. Cardiovascular System is also termed as the circulatory system. It includes the heart, blood, and three types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. The heart plays a crucial role in pumping the blood, which travels through the blood vessels. The main responsibility of the cardiovascular system is transportation. Transportation of oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive system to cells throughout the body and transportation of carbon dioxide and other waste materials from the cells to organs like lungs and kidneys in order to perform elimination of waste substances from the body. It also helps in equalising the body temperature and transports endocrine hormones to cells in the body where they are required or in demand..
7. The Urinary System is composed of a pair of kidneys,ureters, urethra and urinary bladder. Kidneys play an important role in filtering excess water and urea from the blood in the form of urine. Ureters are tube like structures responsible for carrying the urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder, which store urine until it is excreted from the body through urethra which is a tube shaped structure. The kidneys play an important role in producing an enzyme called renin and other varieties of hormones that helps in regulating blood pressure, producing red blood cells, and in balancing calcium and phosphorus in the body.
8. Respiratory System is composed of the nasal passages, lungs, and a long tube-like structure termed as trachea, which functions in carrying air between the nasal passages and lungs. The vital function played by the respiratory system is to deliver oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the body. Gases are exchanged between the lungs and blood across the walls of capillaries lining tiny air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs.In the lungs the process of exchange of gases between the lungs and blood across the walls of capillaries lining tiny air sacs (alveoli) takes place.
9. The Lymphatic System includes a network of lymph vessels and ducts that perform function of collecting excess fluid termed as lymph from extracellular spaces in tissues and transport lymph to the bloodstream. This system also comprises many small collections of tissue termed as lymph nodes, and an organ termed as spleen, both of which are responsible in removing pathogens and cellular debris from the lymph or blood. In addition, it comprises the thymus gland that helps in production of some types of white blood cells (lymphocytes) that are important for fighting infections in our body.
10. Digestive System is composed of organs such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines, all together leading to formation of gastrointestinal tract. This tract plays a crucial role in food digestion, its nutrients absorption, and its waste excretion. The digestive system is composed of accessory organs like pancreas and liver that helps in production of enzymes and other substances required for digestion but aren't involved in the path followed by digestion of food.
11. Reproductive Systems are different for male and female bodies.This system in male includes penis, scrotum and testicles, vas deferens, prostate, urethra and in female includes fallopian tubes,uterus,ovaries,vagina which are responsible for sexual reproduction in human beings.

Note:
The largest bone in the human body is the thigh bone which is termed as femur. The shortest bone in the human body in eardrum is termed as stirrup bone. Teeth are recognised as part of the skeletal system, but are not considered as bones.