Question

What are the changes of the groups of elements on the periodic table.

Answer 1

The periodic table's systematic arrangement of elements reveals some periodic patterns in element characteristics. Atomic and ionic radii, for example, decrease from left to right in a period. Understanding the patterns in fundamental properties of elements (atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, and electron gain enthalpy) will lead you to the conclusion that property periodicity is mostly determined by an element's electron configuration. We can uncover a link between chemical characteristics and basic qualities of elements after examining the ideas in depth.

Complete answer:
Atomic Radii and Ionic radii-
While travelling from left to right in a period, the atomic and ionic radii of elements decrease. As the number of shells grows with the increase in atomic number, they increase as you move from top to bottom in a group.
Ionization Enthalpy-
The atomic radius decreases as the period progresses from left to right. As an atom's size shrinks, the attractive attraction between the nucleus and the outermost electrons grows stronger. As a result, ionisation energy usually increases over time in the periodic table. When we look at the ionisation enthalpy trend in the groups, we can observe that it falls from top to bottom.
Electron Affinity-
As we travel from left to right in a period, the electron gain enthalpy gets increasingly negative.
When energy is released while receiving an electron, it is negative.
Positive: When an atom receives energy while an electron is added.
Alkalis, which quickly lose electrons to create cations, are on the far left. The elements on the far right, on the other hand, may easily acquire electrons and form an anion. It's comparable to the metallic and non-metallic properties of elements. While travelling from left to right in a period, metallic properties decrease while nonmetallic qualities rise. Metallic qualities rise as a group progresses, whereas non-metallic properties diminish.

Note:
Changes in the atomic structure of chemical elements within their respective periods (horizontal rows) and groups in the periodic table cause periodic trends. Based on their atomic structures and characteristics, these rules allow the chemical elements to be arranged in the periodic table. The unknown characteristics of any element might be partially known due to periodic patterns.