Question

What are the allosomes and autosomes?

Answer 1

Hint:- Chromosomes are the hereditary vehicles that store, replicate and transcribe the coded information present in them. These are oval, rod or thread like DNA and protein complexes. They bear hereditary units called genes.

Complete Answer:- The term chromosomes means colored material and it indicates its ability to easily take up stain for microscopic examinations. During cell division, these short, thick and rod-like organelles are formed by condensing and coiling of the chromatin fibres.
In human beings and other organisms, the chromosomes have been categorized into two types- allosomes and autosomes.
Allosomes- These are the heterotypical chromosomes that are also called sex chromosomes. These chromosomes are different from the autosomes in their form, size and behavior. These chromosomes help in determining the sex of the fetus in humans. As males have XY sex chromosomes while the females have XX chromosomes. These allosomes are associated with sex-liked inheritance.
Autosomes- These are also known as non-sex chromosomes or somatic chromosomes. In a diploid cell, the autosomes have two chromosomes of the same type with similar morphology.
A fixed number of chromosomes appear in the cells of each species. For example, humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes that include 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of autosomes. Therefore these are of great importance in determining the phylogeny and taxonomy of a species.

Note:- The chromosomes are the most significant component of the cells. They control most of the cell's biological and genetic activities. They contain DNA that controls and influences all the biological phenomena at molecular, physiological and gross morphological levels.