Question

What are the $5$ atomic models?

Answer 1

Atom is a tiny particle composed of subatomic particles like electrons, protons and neutrons.
To describe the structure of an atom, some theories were evolved. They are mainly five important theories to explain the structure of an atom.
These theories are also known as atomic theories or atomic models.

Complete answer:
Molecules are made up of tiny particles called atoms.
Atoms are made up of subatomic particles like electrons, protons and neutrons.
To describe the structure of an atom, some theories were evolved.
These theories are known as atomic theories or atomic models.
There are five atomic models.
John Dalton’s atomic model,
J.J. Thomson atomic model,
Ernest Rutherford model,
Niels Bohr atomic model and
Erwin Schrodinger atomic model.
$1.$ John Dalton’s atomic model is also known as Dalton’s Billiard ball or solid sphere model.
The properties of Dalton’s atomic model include, matter is composed of atoms. Atoms are indestructible or indivisible. All the atoms in a given element are identical in mass and properties. Compounds are formed by the combination of two or more atoms.
$2.$ J.J. Thomson atomic model is also known as the Plum Pudding model. His experiment with cathode ray showed that an atom consists of negatively charged particles called electrons within a positive charged sphere.
$3.$ Ernest Rutherford model said that the atom consists of a massive portion in the centre of an atom called the nucleus, containing protons and neutrons. The electrons revolve around the nucleus.
$4.$ Neil’s Bohr atomic model said that the electrons revolve in the set of orbits which have definite energy and size. The radiation can be emitted or released when the electron moves from one orbit to another orbit.
$5.$ Erwin Schrodinger atomic model is also known as cloud model or quantum model. It shows the electrons revolve around the nucleus in wave-like motion called orbitals.

Note:
The five atomic models or atomic theories said about the properties of an atom only.
The orbits and orbitals are different and not to be confused. Bohr’s atomic model deals with orbits and Schrodinger atomic model deals with orbitals.