Question

What are the 2 phases of digestion?

Answer 1

The gastrointestinal tract, as well as the digestive organs that support it, make up the human digestive system (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). Food is broken down into smaller and smaller components during digestion until it can be absorbed and incorporated into the body.

Complete answer:
The process of digestion has three stages: the cephalic phase, the gastric phase, and the intestinal phase.

Gastric secretions are produced in reaction to the sight and smell of food in the initial stage of digestion, known as the cephalic phase. The mechanical breakdown of food by chewing and the chemical breakdown of food by digestive enzymes both take place in the mouth during this stage.

The salivary glands and serous glands on the tongue secrete digestive enzymes termed amylase and lingual lipase, which are found in saliva. In the mouth, the enzymes begin to break down the food. The mechanical process of digestion begins with chewing, in which the meal is combined with saliva. This creates a bolus that can be swallowed and passed via the oesophagus into the stomach.

The gastric phase of digestion begins the second stage of digestion in the stomach. The meal is further broken down in the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine, by interacting with gastric acid.

The intestinal phase of digestion begins in the duodenum, where partially digested food is combined with a number of enzymes produced by the pancreas. The chewing of food by the mastication muscles, the tongue, and the teeth, as well as the contractions of peristalsis and segmentation, aid digestion. The creation of gastric acid and mucus in the stomach are required for digestion to continue.

Peristalsis is a rhythmic muscular contraction that starts in the oesophagus and extends through the stomach wall and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. This causes the creation of chyme, which is then absorbed as chyle into the lymphatic system after being entirely broken down in the small intestine. The small intestine is where the majority of food digestion takes place. In the colon of the large intestine, water and some minerals are reabsorbed back into the circulation. The anus defecates the digestive waste products (faeces) from the rectum.

Note:-
Ingestion, propulsion, mechanical or physical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and faeces are the six functions of digestion. The first of these processes, ingestion, refers to the passage of food through the mouth into the alimentary canal. Digestion is a type of catabolism, or substance breakdown, that involves two distinct processes: mechanical digestion and chemical digestion.