Question

What are some examples of bases?

Answer 1

There are three general meanings of the term base in chemistry: Arrhenius bases, Bronsted bases, and Lewis bases. In $1884$, Svante Arrhenius suggested that a base is a compound that dissociates in water to form hydroxide ions (OH). In an acid–base reaction, these ions can react with hydrogen ions (H+ according to Arrhenius) through the dissociation of acids to form water. A base is a material that can accept hydrogen cations, according to the Bronsted–Lowry acid–base principle ($1923$). A base is an electron pair donor that can share a pair of electrons with an electron acceptor, and is referred to as a Lewis acid in Lewis theory.

Complete answer:
We have to remember that a base is a compound that reacts with hydrogen ions to neutralise an acid. The majority of bases are minerals that form water and salts as they react with acids. Metal oxides, hydroxides, and carbonates are bases. A base, as we know, can donate hydroxide ions in solution (Arrhenius definition), accept H+ ions (protons) (Bronsted-Lowry definition), or donate a pair of valence electrons (Bronsted-Lowry definition) (Lewis definition). Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, such as sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide, are common examples of solid Arrhenius bases. Other examples include Potassium hydroxide, Barium hydroxide, Lithium hydroxide, etc. Some examples of lewis bases include Lithium diisopropylamide, Lithium diethylamide, Sodium amide, Sodium hydride, etc.

Note:
We must be noted that alkalis are bases that are soluble in water. An alkali is sodium hydroxide. Copper(ll) oxide is a substrate, not an alkali, since it is insoluble in liquids. As a result, all bases are alkalis, but not all alkalis are bases. Bases have a slick texture and a bitter flavour. Proton (H+) acceptors are classified as bases. Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, and ammonium hydroxide are also forms of bases.