Question

What are polymers? Give two examples of polymers and their uses?

Answer 1

We have to remember that the monomers are small units that comprise a polymer. The type of polymerization mechanism used depends on the type of functional groups attached to the reactants. In the biological context, almost all macromolecules are either completely polymeric or are made up of large polymeric chains.

Complete answer:
We have to know that the polymers are all created by the process of polymerization wherein their constituent elements called monomers, are reacted together to form polymer chains, i.e. 3-dimensional networks forming the polymer bonds. Polymers are classified into three classes: Natural polymers that are naturally found in the environment. For example: Cellulose, starch. The next class is Synthetic polymers that are man-made polymers. For example: Nylon-6.6. The last class is semi-synthetic polymers that are derived from nature but need chemical modification for further processing. For example: Cellulose nitrate. Physical properties of polymer include as chain length and cross-linking increases, the tensile strength of the polymer increases. Polymers do not melt; they change state from crystalline to semi-crystalline.
Examples of Polymers:
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): it is used in insulation for electrical wires, Pipes.
Polythene: it is used as carrier bags, shampoo bottles, food wraps etc.

Note:
We have to know that the chemical properties include compared to conventional molecules with different side molecules, the polymer is enabled with hydrogen bonding and ionic bonding resulting in better cross-linking strength. Dipole-dipole bonding side chains enable the polymer for high flexibility. Polymers with Van der Waals forces linking chains are known to be weak, but give the polymer a low melting point.