Question

What are Neutralisation reactions? Give one example.

Answer 1

As we know, the meaning of neutralization is a process of making neutral. In chemistry, neutralization is defined as that chemical reaction in which acid and base react quantitatively with each other to form salt and water as shown below:
${\text{Acid + Base}} \to {\text{Salt + Water}}$

Complete step by step answer:
As we know that in a neutralization reaction there is a combination of ${H^ + }$ and $O{H^ - }$ ions that form water so we can say neutralization reaction is also defined as that reaction which involves the combination of hydronium and hydroxide ions to give water.
It is generally an acid-base neutralization reaction. The PH of the neutralized solution depends on the acid strength of the reactant. When strong acid reacts with a strong base there is no excess of ${H^ + }$ ions in the solution hence the solution is neutral and the PH of such solution is 7. And, when weak acid reacts with the strong base then the solution will be somewhat basic and the PH of such a solution is greater than 7.
In the case of a weak base and strong acid, the resulting solution has some excess ${H^ + }$ ions. Hence the resulting solution is somewhat acidic and the PH of such a solution is less than 7. In the case of a weak acid and weak base, a weak acid cannot neutralize the weak base and vice-versa.
An example of an acid-base neutralization reaction is.
When strong hydrochloric acid reacts with strong base sodium hydroxide it gives sodium chloride as a salt and water. The balanced chemical equation for the above reaction is:
$HCl + NaOH \to NaCl + {H_2}O$

Note:
The endpoint of the acid-base neutralization reaction is an indication by PH meter or PH indicator by a distinct colour change. The very common use of neutralization reaction is antacid tablets, these are designed to neutralize excess gastric acid in the stomach