Question

What are dipole induced dipole forces?

Answer 1

Hint : Intermolecular forces are those forces which mediate an interaction between molecules. These include forces of attraction and repulsion which act between atoms and other types of neighbouring particles, like atoms or ions.

Complete Step By Step Answer:
Attractive intermolecular forces are of four types, namely:
Hydrogen bonding /H-bonding
Ionic bonding
Dipole – dipole interactions
Van der Waals forces which include Keesom force, Debye force and London dispersion force.
Here, we will limit ourselves to dipole – dipole interactions. Dipole – dipole interactions are of two types: regular dipole forces and dipole – induced dipole forces.
Regular dipole forces occur in polar molecules as here only partial charges are involved. These forces tend to align the molecule to increase attraction. These forces are electrostatic interactions which occur between the permanent dipoles of different molecules.
A dipole-induced dipole force is a weak attraction that results when a polar molecule induces a dipole in an atom or in a nonpolar molecule by disturbing the arrangement of electrons in the nonpolar species. Here, the presence of a polar molecule causes a polarization, or distortion, of the electron distribution of the other molecule. As a result of this distortion, the second molecule acquires regions of partial positive and negative charge, and thus it becomes polar. This partial charge so formed behaves just like a permanent polar molecule and thus generates a regular dipole interaction with the polar molecule that induced them.

Note :
A dipole is a polar molecule. This molecule has comparatively constant partial positive and negative charges that are bodily discrete and are alienated from one another. In a literal sense, when there are two different atoms with different or same electronegativity and they form a bond between them, then it is called a dipole. In this bond, if the electronegativity of the two atoms are different, then a force toward a higher electronegative element will develop which is called dipole moment.