Question

What are conjugated proteins and their types?

Answer 1

A protein is a natural molecule made up of amino acid residues linked by peptide bonds. Proteins are found in all living species and form a variety of biologically important molecules such as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies.

Complete answer:
A conjugated protein is one that interacts with other (non-polypeptide) chemical groups via covalent bonding or weak interactions.
Many proteins are classified as simple proteins because they contain only amino acids and no other chemical groups.
Other types of proteins, on the other hand, generate a chemical component other than amino acids when hydrolyzed, and these are known as conjugated proteins. The prosthetic group of a conjugated protein refers to the non-amino portion of the protein. Vitamins make up the majority of prosthetic groupings. The chemical makeup of the prosthetic groups of conjugated proteins is used to classify them.
Lipoproteins are a combination of proteins and lipids.
Phosphoproteins are proteins that have a phosphoric acid group attached to them.
Nucleoproteins are a combination of protein and nucleic acid.
Metalloproteins are zinc, iron, or copper-binding proteins.
Proteins and carbohydrates are found in mucoproteins and glycoproteins.
Chromoproteins are a combination of proteins and a coloured pigment.
In glycoproteins, biliproteins, and some heme proteins, the link between a protein molecule and its prosthetic group is a covalent bond (an electron-sharing bond).
Noncovalent bonds link the two components of lipoproteins, nucleoproteins, and some heme proteins; the bonding is caused by the same forces that cause the tertiary structure of proteins: hydrogen bonds, salt bridges between positively and negatively charged groups, disulfide bonds, and mutual interaction of hydrophobic groups.

Note:
One of the example of Conjugate protein is:
Hemoglobin contains the heme prosthetic group. Each heme group contains an iron ion ($Fe^{2+}$) that forms a covalent bond with an oxygen molecule ($O_2$), allowing haemoglobin to transport oxygen through the bloodstream. Because each of hemoglobin's four protein subunits has its own prosthetic heme group, each haemoglobin can transport four molecules of oxygen.