Question

What additional treatment is required for protoplast fusion in plants?
(a)Polyethylene glycol and sodium nitrate
(b)Coconut milk and glycine
(c)Cellulase and pectinase
(d)All the above

Answer 1

They're enzymes of commercial interest and their wide selection of applications are explored in numerous industries, like textile. Another one is an enzyme that breaks down pectin, a polysaccharide found in plant cell walls.

Complete answer:
The process of obtaining plants by the culture of isolated protoplast from the plant parts on a man-made media of known composition is understood as protoplast culture. So as to culture the protoplast, it's isolated from the explanation. The protoplast is enclosed by the cell wall and cell membrane during a plant cell so enzyme cellulase and pectinase are wont to digest the cell wall which consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin.

Additional Information: The protoplast fusion process occurs in four steps-
1. The removal of the cell wall of 1 cell of every sort of plant using cellulase enzyme to supply a vegetative cell called a protoplast
2. The cells are then fused using electric shock (electrofusion) or chemical treatment to hitch the cells and fuse together the nuclei. The resulting fused nucleus is named heterokaryon.
3. The formation of the cell wall is then induced using hormones
4. The cells are then grown into calluses which then are further grown to plantlets and eventually to a full plant, referred to as a somatic hybrid.

So, the correct answer is ‘Cellulase and pectinase’.

Note: Protoplast fusion of various types is often fused to get hybrid cells. Hybrid cells are useful during a sort of ways, e.g.,
(i) to review the control of cellular division and gene expression,
(ii) to research malignant transformations,
(iii) to get viral replication,
(iv) for gene or mapping and for
(v) production of monoclonal antibodies