Question

Under what conditions does the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium remain undisturbed?

Answer 1

We know that the Hardy Weinberg principle states that in a large, random-mating population, the genotype and allele frequencies remain constant in the absence of any evolutionary influences from one to another generation. Influences are inclusive of a choice of mate, natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, sexual selection, gene flow, genetic hitchhiking, founder effect, meiotic drive, population bottleneck, inbreeding and assortative mating.

Complete answer:
The Hardy-Weinberg principle was developed in the early 1900s by mathematician Godfrey Hardy and physician Wilhelm Weinberg. In a non-evolving population, they created a model for forecasting genotype and allele frequencies. This model is based on five key assumptions or conditions that must be met for a population to be genetically balanced.
The following are the five main conditions under which the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium remains undisturbed:
1. To transfer new alleles into the population, mutations must not occur.
2. There can be no gene flow to increase the variety of the gene pool.
3. To ensure that allele frequency does not vary due to genetic drift, a high population size is required.
4. In the population, mating must be random.
5. To alter gene frequencies, natural selection cannot occur.
We don't observe all of the criteria for genetic equilibrium occurring at the same time in ture, thus they're idealised. As a result, evolution occurs in populations. Hardy and Weinberg established an equation for forecasting genetic outcomes in a non-evolving population over time based on the idealised conditions. This equation ${p^2} + 2pq + {q^2} = 1$ is known as the Hardy Weinberg equation.

Note:
It must be noted that when comparing changes in genotype frequencies in a population to the expected outcomes of a population in genetic equilibrium, the Hardy Weinberg equation comes in handy. The predicted frequency of homozygous dominant individuals in a population is represented by ${p^2}$, whereas the predicted frequency of heterozygous individuals is represented by $2pq$ and ${q^2}$ denotes the homozygous recessive individuals' predicted frequency.