Question

Two liquids $HN{O_3}\left( A \right)$ and water $\left( B \right)$ form a maximum boiling azeotrope when mixed in the ratio of $68\%$ and $32\%$ respectively. It means:
A) A-B interactions are stronger than A-A and B-B interactions
B) A-B interactions are weaker than A-A and B-B interactions
C) Vapour pressure of the solution is more than the pure components
D) Vapour pressure of the solution is less since only one component vaporizes

Answer 1

The azeotrope can be defined as a type of mixture that is made up of two or more liquids in which their proportions can never be changed by using a simple distillation method. While solving this question one needs to understand the reaction with the ratio of reactants to get the idea of the interaction of bonds.

Complete step by step answer:

1. First of all we will learn about the concept of an azeotrope, where an azeotrope or a constant boiling point mixture is a type of mixture that is made up of two or more liquids in which their proportions cannot be changed by a simple distillation method.
2. This process happens in azeotrope because when an azeotrope is boiled at a temperature the vapor shows the same amount of constituents with the constituents of the unboiled mixture present. And as their composition is unaffected by the process of distillation azeotropes are also called the constant boiling point mixtures.
3. There are two types of azeotropes based on the deviation shown by them according to Rault’s law as such minimum boiling azeotrope and maximum boiling azeotrope. A type of a solution that shows the greater positive deviation according to Raoult's law gives a minimum boiling azeotrope.
4. A type of solution that shows the large negative deviation according to Raoult's law gives a maximum boiling azeotrope. A mixture solution that is made up of $HN{O_3}$ and water of approximately $68\%$ nitric acid and $32\%$ of water by mass is an example of maximum boiling azeotrope which shows the greater positive deviation according to Raoult's law.
5. Hence, in the negative azeotrope i.e. maximum boiling azeotrope have A-B interactions are stronger than A-A and B-B interactions

So, the correct answer is Option A .

Note:
The azeotrope has a very characteristic type of boiling point from which one can determine whether it is a positive azeotrope or negative azeotrope. A positive azeotrope has its boiling point either less than the boiling point temperatures of any of its constituents. A negative azeotrope has its boiling point greater than the boiling point of any of its constituents.