Question

Two allelic genes are located on
(a) The same chromosome
(b) Two homologous chromosomes
(c) Two non-homologous chromosomes
(d) Any two chromosomes

Answer 1

An allele is a form of a gene that is sometimes located at the same position or the genetic locus on a chromosome. The genotype of a specific gene is represented by each pair of alleles and the allele contributes towards the organism's phenotype which is defined as the outward appearance of an organism.

Complete answer:
Two allelic genes are located on two homologous chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes consist of one maternal and one paternal chromosome which gets paired up with each other inside the cell during the process of fertilization and has the same genes in the same locus where each chromosome enables a pair of chromosome to aligned correctly with each other before separation during the process of meiosis. These chromosomes allow the recombination and segregation of the genetic material during the processes of meiosis and mitosis from the mother and father into the new cells.

Additional information:
The same chromosome: Chromosomes are thread-like structures that are a part of the genetic material of an organism and is a long DNA molecule that is present in most eukaryotic organisms that include the packaging of proteins which are known as histones.
Two non-homologous chromosomes: The non-homologous chromosomes do not consist of the same pairs and the shape of these chromosomes which is the length of the arms and the position of the centromere is different as compared to the homologous chromosomes and they do not get paired up during the process of meiosis.

So, the correct answer is 'Two homologous chromosomes’.

Note:
The number of chromosomes varies in each organism. the sex of the organism is determined using the chromosomes and not all organism consists of sex chromosomes. Bacteria are composed of circular chromosomes and human chromosomes composed of viral DNA.