Question

Thoracic cage in humans is made up of
(a)Ribs, vertebral column, and diaphragm
(b)Ribs, diaphragm
(c)Vertebral column, diaphragm, and sternum
(d)Ribs, vertebral column, and sternum

Answer 1

Hint A bony cartilaginous structure is a thoracic cage, which supports and gives structure around the thoracic cavity and forms a core portion of the human skeleton.

Complete answer:
The thoracic cage is made up of ribs, vertebral column, and sternum. It supports the pectoral girdle and consists of 24 ribs within a rib cage. The thoracic cage is formed by 12 thoracic vertebrae which are associated with costal cartilages. The horizontal bars and the costal cartilages form a domed birdcage which is supported by the vertical sternum or the breastbone anteriorly and with twelve thoracic vertebrae posteriorly. It is a skeletal tissue and serves to support the thorax and constitutes several functions which include protection of the vital thoracic and abdominal internal organs from various external forces. It raises the negative internal pressures which are generated by the elastic recoil of the lungs and induced movement of respiration. It supports the weight of the upper limbs and provides attachment to the upper limbs. The maintenance and the anchoring attachment of many muscles of the upper limbs which are relative to the trunk are provided by the thoracic cage.

Additional information:
The long curved bones which are a part of the axial skeleton form the rib cage and are known as ribs surrounding the chest enables the long to expand and facilitate breathing by expanding the chest cavity. They allow protection of the lungs and heart with other visceral organs of the thorax. The backbone of the spine constitutes the vertebral column in which the notochord which is the flexible rod of uniform composition is found in all chordates is replaced by a segmented series of bone that is separated by vertebral discs. The flat bone which is located in the central part of the chest is known as the sternum which connects the ribs with cartilage and forms the front of the ribcage which helps in protecting the lungs and major blood vessels from certain injuries.

So, the correct answer is 'Ribs, vertebral column, and sternum'.

Note: The ribs of humans can move like that of a bucket handle and are of three types. The neanderthals didn't knead the bells due to the presence of ribs which made them terrible models for skinny jeans.