Question

There is hypertension due to smoking. Give scientific reason.

Answer 1

Hint:- : Hypertensions (also known as high blood pressure) is a medical condition when the blood flows with a very high force against the walls of the artery. The normal blood pressure is 120/80mmHg. The blood pressure is considered high if the pressure is above 140/90mmHg and it is considered to be severe if the pressure is above 180/120mmHg.

Complete step-by-step solution:- Hypertension is a long-term medical condition with no particular symptoms (thus called as ‘the silent killer’) but can lead to vascular complications like heart disorders and stroke, if kept untreated.
The main reasons of high blood pressure include salt, fat, and/or cholesterol-rich diet, hereditary, lack of physical activities, old age, overweight, side-effects of medicines, stress, tobacco use and alcohol.
Both smoking as well as passive smoking results in increased accumulation of fatty substances in the arteries (known as atherosclerosis) which accelerates the increase in blood pressure by increasing the thickness of artery lining.
Smoking also increases the blood pressure through the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system. Moreover, the duration of smoking also results in temporary increase of blood pressure of 5 to 10 mm Hg.
The nicotine in the cigarettes narrows and hardens the artery walls and makes the blood clot, leading to increased blood pressure and thus resulting in heart attack and stroke.
The rise in blood pressure occurs due to both increase in cardiac output and total peripheral vascular resistance.

Note:- Smoking affects the stiffness of the arterial walls and enhances wave reflection that might have a detrimental effect on the central blood pressure, which might further lead to organ damage. Smokers with high blood pressure are prone to develop severe forms of hypertension including malignant and renovascular hypertension due to an accelerated atherosclerosis.