Question

The wing of a bird and human arm perform different functions but have the same embryonic origin. Such structures are known as
A. Homologous Structures
B. Analogous characters
C. Vestigial structure
D. Adaptive structure
E. Derived traits

Answer 1

Hint:- Evolutionary investigations rely on two forms of proof in the case of phylogeny: genetic and morphologic (form and function). Organisms which share similar physical characteristics and genomes, in general, appear to be more closely related than those which do not.

Complete answer: Homologous structures are organs or skeletal components of animals and organisms that indicate their relation to a common ancestor by virtue of their resemblance. These systems do not need to look exactly the same, or have the same intent. Homology is a correspondence of structures in two life types with a similar evolutionary origin. Homologous is a word used to describe things that have some sort of similarity in some ways.
Analogous structures are structures that have the same function; the species that possess them, however, have different ancestral roots and represent unrelated evolutionary lines. In addition, they do not reside in the same place. Despite that, though separately, they are able to evolve body parts or organs with similar functions. The wings of birds, bats, and insects, for instance, are identical structures. These animals' contrasting wing anatomical characteristics suggest that they are unrelated.
Remnants of the ancestral form are vestigial structures. Over time, the original function could eventually be lost or changed by these mechanisms. Example: Bone of the human tail.
So, the correct answer is option (A).

Note:-
Homology is measured in genetics by comparing sequences of proteins or DNA. Homologous sequences of genes share a clear resemblance, supporting the theory that a common ancestor is shared. Homology can also be partial: through the combination of developmental pathways or parts of them, new structures may emerge. Some compound leaves of flowering plants, for example, are partly homologous to both leaves and shoots because they incorporate some leaf characteristics and some shoots.