Question

The value of $I = \int \limits^ \frac{\pi}{4}_{0}\left(tan^{n+1} x\right)dx + \frac{1}{2} \int \limits^ \frac{\pi}{2}_{0} tan^{n-1} \left(x / 2\right)dx$ is equal to

• A. $\frac{1}{n}$
• B. $\frac{n+2}{2n+1}$
• C. $\frac{2n-1}{n}$
• D. $\frac{2n-3}{3n -2}$

Answer 1

Answer: (A)

$\frac{1}{n}$

Answer 2

Given,
I=\int_ \limits{0}^{\pi / 4}\left(\tan ^{n+1} x\right) d x+\frac{1}{2} \int_{0}^{\pi / 2} \tan ^{n-1}\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) d x
In second integral, put $t=\frac{x}{2}$
$\Rightarrow d x=2 d t$
$\Rightarrow$ Also, when $x=0$ then $t=0$,
When $x=\pi / 2, \text { then } t=\pi / 4$
Then, I=\int_\limits{0}^{\pi / 4}\left(\tan ^{n+1} x\right) d x+\int_{0}^{\pi / 4} \tan ^{n-1} t d t
I=\int_\limits{0}^{\pi / 4} \tan ^{n+1} x \cdot d x+\int_\limits{0}^{\pi / 4} \tan ^{n-1} x d x
\left\\{\because \int_\limits{a}^{b} f(x) d x=\int_{a}^{b} f(y) d y\right\\}
\Rightarrow I=\int_\limits{0}^{\pi / 4}\left(\tan ^{n+1} x+\tan ^{n-1} x\right) d x
\Rightarrow I=\int_\limits{0}^{\pi / 4} \tan ^{n-1} x \cdot\left(\tan ^{2} x+1\right) d x
\Rightarrow I=\int_\limits{0}^{\pi / 4} \tan ^{n-1} x\left(\sec ^{2} x\right) d x
Put $t=\tan x$
$\Rightarrow d t=\sec ^{2} x d x$
Also, when $x=0$, then $t=0$
when $x=\pi / 4$, then $t=1$
$I=\int_{0}^{1} t^{n-1} d t=\left[\frac{t^{n}}{n}\right]_{0}^{1}=\frac{1}{n}$