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Question: The trajectory of a projectile near the surface of the earth is given as \(y = 2x - 9{x^2}\). If it ...

The trajectory of a projectile near the surface of the earth is given as y=2x−9x2y = 2x - 9{x^2}. If it were launched at an angle θ0{\theta _0}with speed v0{v_0} then (g = 10ms−210m{s^{ - 2}}) :
A. θ0=cos⁡−1(15) and v0=53ms−1{\theta _0} = {\cos ^{ - 1}}\left( {\dfrac{1}{{\sqrt 5 }}} \right){\text{ and }}{v_0} = \dfrac{5}{3}m{s^{ - 1}}
B. θ0=sin⁡−1(15) and v0=53ms−1{\theta _0} = {\sin ^{ - 1}}\left( {\dfrac{1}{{\sqrt 5 }}} \right){\text{ and }}{v_0} = \dfrac{5}{3}m{s^{ - 1}}
C. θ0=sin⁡−1(25) and v0=53ms−1{\theta _0} = {\sin ^{ - 1}}\left( {\dfrac{2}{{\sqrt 5 }}} \right){\text{ and }}{v_0} = \dfrac{5}{3}m{s^{ - 1}}
D. θ0=cos⁡−1(25) and v0=53ms−1{\theta _0} = {\cos ^{ - 1}}\left( {\dfrac{2}{{\sqrt 5 }}} \right){\text{ and }}{v_0} = \dfrac{5}{3}m{s^{ - 1}}

Explanation

Solution

This is the case of projectile motion where the particle is projected with some angle to the horizontal. The acceleration acting on the projectile is only in vertical direction because gravity will be acting only in vertical direction and along horizontal direction there is no force.
Formula used:
y=xtan⁡θ − gx22u2(cos⁡θ)2y = x\tan \theta \: - \:\dfrac{{g{x^2}}}{{2{u^2}{{(\cos \theta )}^2}}}

Complete answer:
When a particle is projected with some angle to the horizontal then that particle will have both horizontal displacement and vertical displacement. Since there will be no force along the horizontal direction the velocity along the horizontal direction will be the same throughout its motion while there is force along the vertical direction so velocity along vertical direction will vary.
Along the horizontal direction let the displacement be ‘x’ and initial velocity be ‘ucos⁡θu\cos \theta ’ and ‘t’ is time and acceleration is zero. Along the vertical direction let the displacement be ‘y’ and initial velocity be ‘usinθusin\theta ’ and ‘t’ is time and acceleration is gg
Whereas theta is the angle of projection with horizontal and ‘u’ is the magnitude of initial velocity. Here ‘u’ is given as v0{v_0}. It is denoted clearly in the below figure.

The trajectory we have is y=2x−9x2y = 2x - 9{x^2}
Comparing that with equation y=xtan⁡θ − gx22u2(cos⁡θ)2y = x\tan \theta \: - \:\dfrac{{g{x^2}}}{{2{u^2}{{(\cos \theta )}^2}}}
We have
y=xtan⁡θ − gx22u2(cos⁡θ)2y = x\tan \theta \: - \:\dfrac{{g{x^2}}}{{2{u^2}{{(\cos \theta )}^2}}}
\eqalign{ & \Rightarrow \tan \theta \: = \dfrac{2}{1} \cr & \Rightarrow \cos \theta = \dfrac{1}{{\sqrt {{1^2} + {2^2}} }} \cr & \therefore \cos \theta = \dfrac{1}{{\sqrt 5 }} \cr & \Rightarrow \dfrac{g}{{2{u^2}{{\cos }^2}\theta }} = 9 \cr & \Rightarrow \dfrac{{10}}{{2{u^2}{{\left( {\dfrac{1}{{\sqrt 5 }}} \right)}^2}}} = 9 \cr & \Rightarrow {u^2} = \dfrac{{25}}{9} \cr & \Rightarrow u = \dfrac{5}{3}{\text{ but }}u = {v_0} \cr & \therefore {v_0} = \dfrac{5}{3}m{s^{ - 1}} \cr}

Hence option A is correct.

Note:
The formula which we have is applicable only if the acceleration due to gravity is constant and not varying. We can find the trajectory by finding the range and the angle of projection with the horizontal because the equation of trajectory we have can be written in terms of range too.