Question

The terms cistron, recon, and muton were proposed by
A. W. Ingram
B. Bateson
C. J. Lederberg
D. S. Benzer

Answer 1

Hint:- He was a physicist, molecular biologist, and behavioural geneticist from the United States. During the molecular biology revolution of the 1950s, his career began, and he eventually gained prominence in the areas of molecular and behavioural genetics.

Complete step-by-step solution:-
Benzer in the year 1955, divided the gene into 3 parts recon, muton, and cistron, which are basically the units within a gene for recombination, mutation, and function.
These are briefly listed and explained below:
Recon: Recons are the regions (units) within a gene that may occur between recombinations, but within a recon, the recombination can not occur. Inside a gene that divides recons, there's a minimum recombination gap. The gene map is an entirely linear reconscription sequence.
Muton: It is the tiniest factor that can give rise to a mutant phenotype or mutation inside a gene. This means that it can mutate or alter a part of a gene. The bead hypothesis according to which the whole gene was to mutate or alter was disproved by this.
Cistron: Within a gene, it is the largest factor that is the unit of action. This also has knocked down the idea of the bead that the unit of action was the entire chromosome. The name cistron is derived from a test to decide if two mutants in different cistrons are inside the same cistron.
Hence, Option D is the right answer.

Additional information:
In a gene, several units of this form exist. In other words, several units of action, mutation, and recombination are composed of each gene. The fine gene structure deals with individual gene locus mapping. This is parallel to chromosome mapping. Different genes are assigned to a chromosome during chromosome mapping, while multiple alleles are assigned to the same locus in the case of a gene. With the assistance of intragenic recombination, the individual gene maps are prepared.

Note:- When 2 trans-position mutations generate mutant phenotypes, they are in the same cistron. Trans location complementation means that the mutant sites are in various cistrons. The mutations within a cistron do not complement each other.