Question

The term homoeostasis was coined by
(a) Whittaker
(b) Watt
(c) Elton
(d) Cannon

Answer 1

He investigated the emergency functions of the sympathetic nervous system and with Philip Bard developed the theory, which proposed that emotional and physiological responses to external situations arise at once and that both prepare the body to deal with the adverse situation.

Complete step by step answer:
Walter Cannon coined the word homeostasis. Referring to animal systems, pioneering 20th- century physiologists coined the word homeostasis in 1926. He coordinated physiological reactions which maintain most of the steady states in the body are so complex and are so peculiar to the living organism, that a specific designation for these states is employed. He also proposed a theory with Philip Bard and named it Cannon- Bard theory.
So, the correct answer is, ‘(d) Cannon.’

Additional Information:
- Homeostasis was defined by Claude Bernard and then later by Walter Bradford Cannon.
- Cannon Theory (1915)
The Fight-or-Flight response is a physiological reaction in our body that occurs in response to a perceived harmful event, attack or threat to survival. It was first described by Walter Bradford Cannon.
- It is a defence mechanism that is important for survival, to protect oneself from harm.
- Homeostasis is that property of a system that regulates its internal environment and tends to maintain a stable, relatively constant condition of properties.
- Homeostasis and its three basic components Positive feedback and negative feedback in correcting a false condition, this way the body keeps its temperature constant.
- Positive feedback mechanisms are designed to accelerate or enhance the output created by a stimulus by the body that has already been activated.
- Negative feedback mechanisms consist of reducing the output or activity of any organ or system back by the body to its normal range of functioning.
- Normal body internal temperature is 370C. Temperatures above this can denature enzymes and block metabolic pathways and below this slow down metabolism and affect the brain.
- Body needs to regulate internal body temperature in order to provide the optimum conditions for enzyme- catalyzed reactions to be carried out.
- Control of homeostasis
When the body gets too hot, your body needs cooling down by sweating, vasodilation, etc. When the body gets too cold, one also needs warming up by shivering, vasoconstriction, etc.

Note:
- Maintaining the body fluids at a constant osmolarity, therefore, involves regulating the volume of water contained within the body. Control of the volume of water excreted by the kidney rests with the hormone antidiuretic hormone.
- ADH also is known as vasopressin; diuresis means water loss, therefore anti- diuretic hormone can be translated as is anti- water loss hormone.