Question

The temperature of the system decreases in an:

Answer 1

In an adiabatic process, the temperature of the system varies and heat transfer remains constant. There is no exchange of heat and mass between the system and surroundings in an isolated system.

Complete step by step answer:
- In an adiabatic compression, the temperature of the system increases. In this process, there is no transfer of heat or mass between the system and the surroundings.
- In isothermal expansion and isothermal compression the temperature remains constant.
- In adiabatic expansion process, the temperature decreases. During adiabatic expansion, the gas is allowed to expand quickly. Thus its internal energy decreases. As heat does not enter the system, the temperature decreases. An example for adiabatic expansion is the vertical flow of air in the atmosphere. The air expands and cools as it rises and contracts and grows warm as it descends.
Additional Information :
Adiabatic process is the process in which heat is neither gained nor lost by a system. Thus there is no entropy change and the heat transferred is zero. This does not mean that the temperature remains constant, but rather that no heat is transferred into or out of the system. It is a reversible process. In adiabatic processes, the energy is transferred to the surroundings as work. The adiabatic process can either be reversible or irreversible. Conditions for an adiabatic process are:
- The system must be perfectly insulated from the surrounding.
- The process must be carried out fast.
- In an adiabatic process, the work is done due to the change in its internal energy. The temperature can be varied in an adiabatic process. Mathematically, adiabatic expansion is defined as $\Delta Q{\text{ }} = {\text{ }}0$ .An example for adiabatic process is the release of air from a pneumatic tire.

Note: Adiabatic compression is the process in which there is no transfer of heat between the system and the surroundings. As the internal energy increases, the temperature of the system increases.