Question

The technique of producing large number of genetically similar plants, within short time by tissue culture is called as
A. Organogenesis
B. Somatic hybridization
C. Micropropagation
D. Protoplast culture

Answer 1

The growth of tissues or cells in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism is called tissue culture. This technique is used to multiply the number of cells in a very short span of time.

Complete answer: The phase of embryonic development which starts at the end of gastrulation and continues until birth is called organogenesis.
-The technique which allows manipulation of cellular genomes by protoplast fusion is called somatic hybridization.
-The technique of rapidly multiplying stock plant material to produce many progeny plants by using the tissue culture method is called micropropagation. Micropropagation is also called tissue culture. This technique helps in the production of genetically identical plants within a short span of time.
The steps involved in micropropagation are as follows:
1. Selection of mother plant
2. Multiplication
3. Rooting and acclimatization
4. Transfer new plants to soil
-Selecting the plant material which is called as explant to be propagated is the initial step of micropropagation. The plant stock free of viruses and fungi are washed with alcohol or bleach and finally washed with sterilized water. Plant tissue is allowed to grow in a medium containing plant hormones and agar which support the growing plant. The multiplication process involves using the tissues produced in the first stage and multiply in number. During rooting and acclimatization, the plantlets are encouraged to grow and cause hardening. Preparing the plants to grow in a natural environment is called hardening. The final step involves the removal of plants from the growth medium and planting it in the soil.
-Protoplast means the entire cell except for the cell wall. Culturing protoplast on a suitable medium for its requisite growth and development is called protoplast culture. Hence option D is the wrong answer.
So, option C is the right answer.

Note: Micropropagation has many advantages as well as disadvantages. Its main advantage is that it can produce plants that are cloned to each other and disease-free. The disadvantage is that it is difficult to disinfect plants with fungal infections.