Question

The technique for breakage of DNA fragment and inserting it into another DNA molecule, is related to
A) Gene splicing
B) Gene cloning
C) Gene migration
D) DNA fingerprinting

Answer 1

Breaking a part of DNA from some organisms DNA and inserting it into some other organisms DNA is a part of recombinant DNA technology which is used to make exact copies or to integrate a copy of genes into some organisms.

Complete answer:
The process of cutting fragments of DNA and then inserting them in other DNA is being used these days for several purposes like making genetically modified crops and organisms, finding cures for fatal diseases. This all is being done by the process of gene cloning.
Gene splicing – The process in which a gene is being cut with the help of some enzymes called restriction enzymes to add some bases into it. This helps the gene to code for different proteins which it was not capable of before the addition of bases.
Gene migration – This term belongs to population genetics and is also known as gene flow which is the transfer of genetic variations present in one population to some other population. This happens by the process of vertical gene transfer in which genes are being transferred from parents to offspring.
DNA fingerprinting – This is a technique used to link the biological evidence obtained from a crime scene with the possible suspects to find out the actual criminal. In this technique DNA samples obtained from the crime scene in the form of fingerprints, blood spots, hair, nails are used to extract the DNA and then match it with the suspect’s DNA.

The answer of this question is option B– Gene Cloning is the technique for breakage of DNA fragments and inserting it into another DNA molecule.

Additional Information: How is gene cloning done -
Gene cloning is used to make identical copies of a DNA, for this purpose a particular gene is inserted into a circular gene which is a plasmid.
Cut and paste enzymes are used for cutting the DNA fragment from DNA and then pasting it into plasmid. For cutting restriction enzymes are used and for pasting DNA ligase enzymes are used.
The plasmid carrying DNA fragments is introduced into bacteria and the bacteria are then grown on selective media (antibiotic selection is being done to check if the plasmid is being taken up by the bacteria) and this is how multiple copies of DNA fragments are made during gene cloning.

Note: Plasmids have antibiotic resistance genes so if they are taken up by the bacteria then the bacteria will survive and reproduce even in the media having antibiotic, if it didn’t take up the plasmid then the bacteria will die. That is how bacteria are selected on antibiotic selective media.